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 India’s big labour overhaul: what the new Labour Codes mean now that they're in force By Vijesh Nair — November 2025 |  India has entered a new chapter in its labour law history. After years of debate, draft rules and state-by-state consultations, the Union government has notified the four consolidated Labour Codes — the Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security, and the Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code — bringing into effect a modernised framework that replaces 29 older central laws. While some details will still be worked out in state rules and implementing notifications, the core package is now in force and will reshape employer obligations, worker protections and industrial relations across sectors.  --- Snapshot: what changed and when Contrary to some earlier expectations about a November 1 start date, the central government issued the key notifications bringing the four Labour Codes into effect in Nov...