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 India’s big labour overhaul: what the new Labour Codes mean now that they're in force By Vijesh Nair — November 2025 |  India has entered a new chapter in its labour law history. After years of debate, draft rules and state-by-state consultations, the Union government has notified the four consolidated Labour Codes — the Code on Wages, the Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security, and the Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions (OSHWC) Code — bringing into effect a modernised framework that replaces 29 older central laws. While some details will still be worked out in state rules and implementing notifications, the core package is now in force and will reshape employer obligations, worker protections and industrial relations across sectors.  --- Snapshot: what changed and when Contrary to some earlier expectations about a November 1 start date, the central government issued the key notifications bringing the four Labour Codes into effect in Nov...

 India Ushers in a New Era of Labour Laws By: Vijesh Nair Date:24/11/2025 Introduction On 21 November 2025 , the Indian government formally implemented four major labour codes that together replace 29 older central labour laws.  This move is being touted as one of the most significant labour law overhauls in India since independence.  What Has Changed? Here are key reforms and their implications: The four codes are: Code on Wages, 2019 Industrial Relations Code, 2020 Code on Social Security, 2020 Occupational Safety, Health & Working Conditions Code, 2020  Older laws—many dating back to the colonial or early post‐independence era—were fragmented, overlapping and often poorly aligned with modern employment realities. The new codes aim to simplify the legal framework. Some of the headline changes: Introduction of mandatory appointment letters for all workers (formalisation). Creation of a minimum floor wage concept to lift wages ac...